Bioregulators research

Epitalon and telomere biology — the tetrapeptide telomerase activator from the Khavinson program

Epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) is a synthetic tetrapeptide derived from epithalamin that activates telomerase, extends telomere length in cell culture models, and modulates pineal melatonin secretion. This article covers the telomere shortening biology, the Khavinson research program, and what the preclinical data shows about cellular ageing mechanisms.

Peptide bioregulators — the Khavinson framework for tissue-specific gene expression modulation

Peptide bioregulators are short di- to tetrapeptides derived from tissue extracts that modulate gene expression in a tissue-specific manner. This overview covers the Khavinson research program, the proposed chromatin interaction mechanism, and the evidence base for the major bioregulator peptides across thymus, pineal, vascular, and connective tissue targets.

Thymalin and thymosin alpha-1: thymic peptides and immune ageing

Thymalin and thymosin alpha-1 are thymus-derived peptides with complementary roles in immune reconstitution and T-cell maturation. This review examines their mechanisms, preclinical longevity data, and clinical evidence in immunodeficiency contexts.

Semax — BDNF induction, ACTH fragment pharmacology, and the cognitive enhancement mechanism

Semax is a heptapeptide analogue of the ACTH 4-10 fragment that increases BDNF and NGF expression in the CNS, modulates dopamine and serotonin systems, and produces nootropic and neuroprotective effects in rodent and early human research. This article covers the receptor pharmacology and what the BDNF induction mechanism means for cognitive function.

Selank — the anxiolytic heptapeptide and its GABA, enkephalin, and BDNF mechanisms

Selank is a synthetic analogue of the endogenous immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin that produces anxiolytic effects through GABA-A modulation, enkephalin stabilisation, and BDNF upregulation. This article covers each mechanism and what distinguishes Selank's pharmacological profile from benzodiazepine and SSRI approaches to anxiety.