Anti-aging research

Growth hormone secretagogues — pulsatile GH release, IGF-1, and the anti-ageing evidence base

Growth hormone secretagogues stimulate endogenous pulsatile GH release rather than replacing it, preserving the physiological pulse architecture that exogenous GH overrides. This article covers somatotroph biology, the IGF-1 axis, the difference between secretagogue and exogenous GH pharmacology, and what the longevity and body composition data shows.

Epigenetic clocks and peptide interventions — what biological age measurement tells us about repair protocols

Epigenetic clocks measure biological age through DNA methylation patterns at specific CpG sites, and several peptide interventions have produced measurable clock reversals in preclinical and early clinical research. This article covers how the Horvath, GrimAge, and DunedinPACE clocks work, what they measure, and what the Yamanaka factor and peptide intervention data means for ageing biology.

Yamanaka factors and partial reprogramming: resetting the epigenetic clock

Partial cellular reprogramming using Yamanaka factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) transiently reverses epigenetic age in somatic cells without inducing pluripotency. This review examines the mechanistic basis, key experimental findings, and the distinction between full and partial reprogramming.

Senolytic peptides and cellular senescence: targeted clearance of ageing cells

Cellular senescence — the irreversible arrest of damaged cells — drives tissue inflammation and age-related pathology through the SASP. This review examines peptide-based senolytic strategies targeting senescent cell survival pathways.

GHK-Cu — the copper tripeptide and its collagen, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms

GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex) is an endogenous tripeptide that declines with age and activates over 4,000 genes involved in collagen synthesis, wound repair, anti-inflammatory signalling, and antioxidant defence. This article covers the copper binding chemistry, the TGF-β and decorin pathway interactions, and the skin and wound healing data.